Maud Bailly began her studies in modern literature at the Ecole Normale Supérieure, before going on to do a Master's degree in Public Administration at the Institut d'Etudes Politiques de Paris. A graduate of the Ecole Nationale d'Administration, she began her career in 2007 at the Inspectorate General of Finance, where she carried out various strategic and financial auditing assignments in France and abroad, in particular for the World Bank and the International Monetary Fund.

In 2011, she joined SNCF where she was appointed director of the Paris Montparnasse station and deputy director of TGV product coordination for the Paris Rive Gauche area. In 2014, she became director of trains.

In May 2015, she joined the office of French Prime Minister Manuel Vall as head of the economic and digital department, responsible for economic, budgetary, fiscal, industrial and digital affairs. She dealt with various issues such as withholding tax, Brexit and the Digital Republic Act on data protection and accessibility. She left the post in December 2016 to return to the Inspectorate General of Finance.

In April 2017, Maud joined Accor as Chief Digital Officer, member of the Executive Committee, responsible for Digital, Data, Information Systems, Distribution, Sales and Customers and became a member of the Executive Committee at that time.

In May 2018, Maud joined the French Digital Council (CNNum), a circle of 30 people appointed by the French Minister of Digital to work on the challenges of the digital transition.